Virtual Reality Explores Historical Trauma: The Nanking Massacre

In October, Simon Li, executive director of the Hong Kong Holocaust and Tolerance Centre, addressed an international conference on technological innovation in education. Following his speech, several Chinese history educators inquired about the potential for a virtual reality project focused on the 1937 Nanking massacre.

They expressed enthusiasm, suggesting that such a program could enable students to engage with historical events without being overwhelmed by emotional trauma. This concept of ethical empathy VR has gained traction within academic circles as a new approach to atrocity education in East Asia.

The growing interest aligns with China’s recent national commemorative ceremony marking the 88th anniversary of the Nanking massacre, which commenced on December 13, 1937, when Japanese troops occupied Nanking, the then capital.

Historical estimates of fatalities during the massacre vary significantly, with figures ranging from tens of thousands to as high as 300,000. Currently, only 24 registered survivors of the massacre remain, according to the state news agency Xinhua.

Additionally, this year marks the 80th anniversary of the conclusion of World War II and the global victory against fascism, further contextualizing the importance of remembering such historical events.