Innovative Soft Robot Developed: 100% Edible and Biodegradable

Researchers at Dario Floreano's Laboratory of Intelligent Systems at EPFL in Switzerland have developed a groundbreaking soft robot that is entirely edible, including its battery. Unlike previous ingestible robots, which had toxic components, this innovation features a battery made from gelatin and wax, storing energy through a reaction between citric acid and baking soda.

When pressure is applied, the acid activates the battery, generating carbon dioxide gas that powers a soft actuator designed to mimic motion. This actuator operates based on interconnected gas chambers that bend and wiggle when pressurized, achieving about four cycles per minute before the battery depletes.

A key element of this design is the ingestible valve, which utilizes snap-buckling principles to open and close under pressure, allowing for controlled movement. The researchers suggest potential applications for this technology in delivering nutrition or medication to elusive wildlife, such as wild boars, by mimicking live prey.

The robot could also be tailored to attract various animals, including humans, through adjustments in size, motion, and flavor. According to lead author Bokeon Kwak, if consumed, the actuator and valve would taste sweet, while the battery would have a crunchy exterior with a sour taste.

The team has already explored flavor variations, including grenadine, and is assessing consumer experiences. While edibility is a fascinating aspect, the primary focus remains on sustainability. This research is part of the EU-funded RoboFood project, emphasizing the importance of biodegradable robotics in addressing environmental challenges.

The technology could enable large swarms of robots to be deployed in natural settings without the environmental impact of traditional materials. Future developments may lead to edible elastic power sources, paving the way for playful robotic designs that could engage consumers in novel ways.

This research is detailed in a paper published in Advanced Science, showcasing a significant advancement in the field of robotics and sustainability.