Toxic Metals Found in Popular Children's Toys in Brazil

Researchers from the University of Sao Paulo, USP, and the Federal University of Alfenas, UNIFAL, have uncovered hazardous chemicals in plastic toys sold across Brazil. Their investigation, which is the most extensive of its kind in the country, analyzed 70 products, including both imported and locally produced items.

The findings, published in the journal Exposure and Health, reveal that many toys do not comply with Brazil's National Institute of Metrology, Quality, and Technology, INMETRO, or European Union safety standards.

Notably, 44.3 percent of the samples exceeded the permitted limit for barium, with concentrations reaching up to fifteen times higher than allowed. Exposure to barium can cause severe heart and nervous system issues, such as arrhythmias and paralysis.

Additionally, the study found lead levels exceeding the limit in 32.9 percent of the toys, with some samples measuring nearly four times the accepted threshold. Lead exposure is linked to irreversible neurological damage, memory issues, and reduced IQ in children.

Antimony and chromium were also detected above acceptable levels in 24.3 percent and 20 percent of the toys, respectively. Antimony can lead to gastrointestinal problems, while chromium is recognized as a carcinogen.

Bruno Alves Rocha, the lead researcher and postdoctoral fellow supported by FAPESP, expressed concern over the findings, stating, "This data reveals a worrying scenario of multiple contamination and lack of control." He advocates for stricter enforcement measures, including regular laboratory analyses and better product traceability.

The study's methodology included selecting toys meant for children aged zero to twelve, focusing on items that could easily be placed in the mouth, thus increasing exposure risks. Researchers used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and microwave-assisted acid digestion to assess the contamination levels.

They identified 21 toxic elements in total, including silver, aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and uranium. The extraction rates showed how much of these substances could leach out when exposed to gastric juice, ranging from 0.11 percent to 7.33 percent.

Although only a small portion of the contaminants may leach out, Rocha cautions that the high total concentrations still pose significant health concerns. The investigation also indicates potential sources of contamination, such as common manufacturing origins for nickel, cobalt, and manganese, particularly in beige-colored toys, which may be linked to specific paint suppliers.

This research builds on previous studies by the same group that examined endocrine disruptors, emphasizing the urgent need for action to protect children's health. Rocha concluded that these alarming results reinforce the necessity for immediate regulatory changes.