Exploring Inflation Dynamics in Modern Cosmology

Recent studies in modern cosmology are delving into inflationary dynamics, with significant contributions from non-perturbative frameworks and axion dark energy. A notable paper titled 'Higgs inflation in Weyl-invariant Einstein-Cartan gravity' explores inflationary dynamics in the context of a gravitational framework that incorporates axion-like particles. This study suggests that an approximately massless axion-like particle during the early Universe plays a crucial role in realizing inflation with the Higgs field, providing a fresh perspective on the mechanisms driving cosmic expansion in the early Universe.

Furthermore, another critical paper discusses the 'Exact Renormalisation Group Evolution of the Inflation Dynamics', which presents a non-perturbative framework for understanding slow-roll inflation. This framework incorporates quantum corrections and utilizes an alternative functional renormalisation group approach. The researchers derive coupled Friedmann-RG flow equations that govern the evolution of spacetime, inflaton fields, and effective potentials. Their findings indicate that the renormalisation group flow can destabilize the inflationary trajectory, potentially leading to the premature termination of slow-roll inflation. Remarkably, these predictions align the models with recent data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope, suggesting a resolution of some discrepancies in cosmological observations without necessitating new physics.

In addition, the study titled 'The Hubble Tension resolved by the DESI Baryon Acoustic Oscillations Measurements' highlights the challenges faced by the Lambda Cold Dark Matter model, particularly the Hubble constant tension. This paper investigates measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument and proposes a non-parametric method to analyze the dark energy equation of state over time. The authors find that the Hubble constant exhibits a descending trend as a function of redshift, which helps to address the ongoing Hubble tension by introducing a framework of dynamical dark energy. The implications of these studies suggest that tensions within cosmological models could be reconciled within a consistent theoretical framework involving dynamic elements of dark energy and updated inflationary dynamics.

Collectively, these recent studies underscore the evolving landscape of inflationary theory and dark energy dynamics, potentially resolving critical tensions in our understanding of the Universe's expansion and underlying physics. The incorporation of non-perturbative dynamics and quantum corrections into inflationary models represents a significant advancement in addressing longstanding challenges faced by cosmology, particularly in the context of the Lambda model and observations from advanced astronomical instruments.