Polar Bears Show Genetic Adaptations to Climate Change in Greenland

Recent research from the University of East Anglia reveals that polar bears in southeastern Greenland are exhibiting genetic adaptations that may help them cope with climate change. This study is significant as it establishes the first statistically significant link between rising temperatures and DNA changes in a wild mammal.

The researchers found that certain genes related to heat stress, aging, and metabolism are behaving differently in these bears, suggesting an adjustment to warmer conditions. Blood samples from polar bears in two regions of Greenland were analyzed, highlighting increased activity in jumping genes, which are mobile pieces of the genome that can influence gene function.

Notably, bears in the warmest areas showed more genetic changes than those further north. The changes may assist in survival as local climates and diets evolve, with southeastern bears adapting to a more plant-based diet compared to their northern counterparts.

Dr. Alice Godden, the lead researcher, emphasized that while these adaptations offer some hope for polar bear survival, it is critical to reduce carbon emissions to prevent further temperature increases.

The findings, published in the journal Mobile DNA, could guide future conservation efforts by identifying at-risk polar bear populations. However, the research also warns that despite these adaptations, polar bears remain at significant risk of extinction due to ongoing climate change.